Computer Wallpapers Free
Computer Wallpapers Free Biography
Source(google.com.pk)
The Early Middle Ages (AD 400 to 1450) saw a decline in awareness of
classical culture in Europe. During this time, the only repositories of
knowledge and records of early history in Europe were those of the Roman
Catholic Church. Hermits, monks and priests used this historic period
to write the first modern biographies. Their subjects were usually
restricted to church fathers, martyrs, popes and saints. Their works
were meant to be inspirational to people, vehicles for conversion to
Christianity (see Hagiography). One significant secular example of
biography from this period is the life of Charlemagne by his courtier
Einhard.
Meanwhile in the medieval Islamic civilization (c. AD 750 to 1258),
biographies began to be produced on a large scale with the advent of
paper, beginning with the Prophetic biography tradition. This led to the
introduction of a new literary genre: the biographical dictionary. The
first biographical dictionaries were written in the Muslim world from
the 9th century onwards. They contain more social data for a large
segment of the population than that found in any other pre-industrial
society. The earliest biographical dictionaries initially focused on the
lives of the prophets of Islam and their companions, with one of the
earliest examples being The Book of The Major Classes by Ibn Sa'd
al-Baghdadi, and then began documenting the lives of many other
historical figures (from rulers to scholars) who lived in the medieval
Islamic world.[2]
By the late Middle Ages, biographies became less church-oriented in
Europe as biographies of kings, knights and tyrants began to appear. The
most famous of these such biographies was Le Morte d'Arthur by Sir
Thomas Malory. The book was an account of the life of the fabled King
Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table. Following Malory, the new
emphasis on humanism during the Renaissance promoted a focus on secular
subjects such as artists and poets, and encouraged writing in the
vernacular. Giorgio Vasari's Lives of the Artists (1550) was a landmark
biography focusing on secular lives. Vasari made celebrities of his
subjects, as the Lives became an early "bestseller". Two other
developments are noteworthy: the development of the printing press in
the 15th century and the gradual increase in literacy. Biographies in
the English language began appearing during the reign of Henry VIII.
John Foxe's Acts and Monuments (1563), better known as Foxe's Book of
Martyrs, was essentially the first dictionary of biography in Europe,
followed by Thomas Fuller's The History of the Worthies of England
(1662), with a distinct focus on public life. Influential in shaping
popular conceptions of pirates, A General History of the Pyrates (1724)
is the prime source for the biographies of many well-known pirates.
Computer Wallpapers Free
Computer Wallpapers Free
Computer Wallpapers Free
Computer Wallpapers Free
Computer Wallpapers Free
Computer Wallpapers Free
Computer Wallpapers Free
Computer Wallpapers Free
No comments:
Post a Comment